Downscaled Climate and Hydrology Projections Archive
    Date    10-Jun-2020

Archive Collaborators:
 Bureau of Reclamation
 California-Nevada Climate Applications Program
 Climate Analytics Group
 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
 National Center for Atmospheric Research
 Santa Clara University
 Scripps Institution of Oceanography
 Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 U.S. Geological Survey


I.  Terms of Use 

These projections are being distributed to interested users for consideration 
in research and planning applications. Such applications may include any 
project carried out by an individual or organized by a university, a 
scientific institute, public agency, or private sector entity for research or  
planning purposes. Any decision to use these projections is at the interested 
user's discretion and subject to the Disclaimer provided below.


II.     Disclaimer

These projections are being made available to provide immediate access for 
the convenience of interested persons. They are being made available by  
Archive Collaborators (i.e. Bureau of Reclamation, California-Nevada Climate 
Applications Program, Climate Analytics Group, Cooperative Institute for 
Research in Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Santa Clara University, Scripps 
Institution of Oceanography, Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center, 
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and U.S. Geological Survey). Archive 
Collaborators believe the information to be correct representations of  
potential high-resolution climate/hydrologic variations and changes subject 
to the limitations of the CMIP3 and CMIP5 global climate simulations, and the 
downscaling methods and their limitations, as described elsewhere in this web 
site. However, human and mechanical errors remain possibilities. Therefore, 
Archive Collaborators do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, 
timeliness, or correct sequencing of the information. Also, neither Archive 
Collaborators, nor any of the sources of the information shall be responsible 
for any errors or omissions, or for the use or results obtained from the use 
of this information.


III. Acknowledgments and Citation of these Projections

Whenever you publish research based on projections from this archive, please
include two acknowledgments:

1. First, acknowledge the superseding effort.

a. For CMIP3, the following is language suggested by the CMIP3 archive hosts 
at PCMDI: "We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model 
Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled 
Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 
multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of  
Science, U.S. Department of Energy." PCMDI also requests that in first making 
reference to the projections from this archive, please first reference the 
CMIP3 dataset by including the phrase "the World Climate Research Programme's 
(WCRP's) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multi-model 
dataset". Subsequent references within the same publication might refer to  
the CMIP3 data with terms such as "CMIP3 data", "the CMIP3 multi-model 
dataset", "the CMIP3 archive", or the "CMIP3 dataset".

b. For CMIP5, the model output should be referred to as "the CMIP5 
multi-model ensemble [archive/output/results/of simulations/dataset/ ...]". 
In publications, you should include a table (referred to below as Table XX) 
listing the models and institutions that provided model output used in your 
study. In this table and as appropriate in figure legends, you should use the 
CMIP5 "official" model names found in "CMIP5 Modeling Groups and their Terms 
if Use" (pdf document, also in Word doc format). In addition, an  
acknowledgment similar to the following should be included in your publication:

 "We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on  
 Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate 
 modeling groups (listed in Table XX of this paper) for producing and making 
 available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's 
 Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating 
 support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with 
 the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals."

where, "Table XX" in your paper should list the models and modeling groups 
that provided the data you used. In addition it may be appropriate to cite 
one or more of the CMIP5 experiment design articles listed on the CMIP5 
reference page.

2. Second, generally acknowledge this archive as "Downscaled CMIP3 and CMIP5 
Climate and Hydrology Projections" archive at  
http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip_projections/. To reference specific 
information in the archive, you may also use the following references:

a. for BCSD CMIP3 climate: Maurer, E.P., L. Brekke, T. Pruitt, and P.B.
Duffy, 2007, - Eos Trans. AGU, 88(47), 504.

b. for BCSD CMIP3 hydrology: Reclamation, 2011, West-Wide Climate Risk
Assessments: Bias-Corrected and Spatially Downscaled Surface Water
Projections, Technical Memorandum No. 86-68210-2011-01, prepared by the U.S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Services
Center, Denver, Colorado, 138 p.

c. for BCSD CMIP5 climate: Provide citation to: Reclamation, 2013.
Downscaled CMIP3 and CMIP5 Climate Projections: Release of Downscaled CMIP5
Climate Projections, Comparison with Preceding Information, and Summary of
User Needs.  U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 104 p.,
available at:
 http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip_projections/techmemo/downscaled_ climate.pdf.

d. for BCSD CMIP5 hydrology:  Reclamation, 2014. Downscaled CMIP3 and
CMIP5 Hydrology Projections - Release of Hydrology Projections, Comparison
with Preceding Information, and Summary of User Needs. U.S. Department of
the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation,104 p., available at:
 http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip_projections/techmemo/downscaled_ climate.pdf.

e. for the locally constructed analogs method (LOCA) CMIP5 projections:
Pierce, D. W., D. R. Cayan, and B. L. Thrasher, Statistical Downscaling
Using Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA)*, Journal of Hydrometeorology,
15(6), 2558-2585, 2014.; and Pierce, D. W., D. R. Cayan, E. P. Maurer, J. T.
Abatzoglou, and K. C. Hegewisch, 2015: Improved bias correction techniques
for hydrological simulations of climate change. J. Hydrometeorology, v. 16,
p. 2421-2442. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0236.1.

f. for LOCA CMIP5 hydrologic projections:
Vano, J., J. Hamman, E. Gutmann, A.  Wood, N. Mizukami, M. Clark, D. W.
Pierce, D. R. Cayan, C. Wobus, K. Nowak, and J. Arnold. (June 2020).
Comparing Downscaled LOCA and BCSD CMIP5 Climate and Hydrology Projections -
Release of Downscaled LOCA CMIP5 Hydrology., available at:
http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip_projections/techmemo/LOCA_BCSD_hydrology_tech_memo.pdf



================================================================================
Requested products directory structure
================================================================================
 rgrd3           - 2 degree regridded cmip3 GCM projections
 bc3             - 2 degree Bias-Corrected cmip3 GCM projections
 bcsd3           - 1/8 degree bias-corrected & downscaled cmip3 GCM projections (monthly)
 bcca3           - 1/8 degree bias-corrected & downscaled cmip3 GCM projections (daily)
 hydro3          - 1/8 degree VIC hydrology projections based on cmip3 BCSD projections

 rgrd5           - 1 degree regridded cmip5 GCM projections
 bc5             - 1 degree Bias-Corrected cmip5 GCM projections
 bcsd5           - 1/8 degree bias-corrected & downscaled cmip5 GCM projections (monthly)
 bcca5           - 1/8 degree bias-corrected & downscaled cmip5 GCM projections (daily)
 hydro5          - 1/8 degree VIC hydrology projections based on cmip5 BCSD projections
 loca_16th       - 1/16 degree bias-corrected & downscaled cmip5 GCM projections (daily)
 loca_hydro5     - 1/16 degree VIC hydrology projections based on cmip5 LOCA projections
 loca_1deg       - 1 degree bias-corrected & downscaled cmip5 GCM projections (daily)
                   These are bias-corrected on the native GCM grid, then downscaled
                   with the LOCA method to 1 degree

 1_8obs          - 1/8 degree observed (Maurer 2002) data
 1obs            - 1 degree regridded observed (Maurer 2002) data
 2obs            - 2 degree regridded observed (Maurer 2002) data
 1_16obs         - 1/16 degree observed (Livneh 2015) data
 hydro_obs5      - 1/8 VIC hydrology results based on Maurer (2002) observed data
 loca_hydro_obs5 - 1/16 VIC hydrology results based on Livneh (2015) observed data


================================================================================
For NetCDF data requests (*.nc)
================================================================================
The netcdf header contains information about data attributes.

Extracted Data Series files
---------------------------
Extraction_<variable(s)>.nc, where
variable(s) = Prcp, Tavg, TavgPrcp, etc.. See below for full list.

Statistics files
----------------
SpatialStats.nc - spatial statistics
PeriodStats.nc  - time period statistics

Projections Order key file (associated with run axis in the .nc file)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Projections3.txt   - cmip3 projections
Projections5.txt   - cmip5 projections
Projections6.txt   - cmip6 projections


================================================================================
For ASCII comma-delimited (csv) data requests (*.csv)
================================================================================
Extracted Data Series files
---------------------------
<scenario.model.run>.<variable>.csv

Variables:
 # BCSD archive - monthly data
  Tavg - Average Surface Air Temperature (deg C)
  Prcp - Average Precipitation Rate (mm/day)
 
 # BCCA archive - daily data
  pr - Precipitation Rate (mm/day)
  tasmin - Minimum Surface Air Temperature (deg C)
  tasmax - Maximum Surface Air Temperature (deg C)
 
 # LOCA archive - daily data
  pr     - Precipitation Rate (mm/day) kg m-2 s-1 in archive files,
         converted to mm/day in 'Subset Request' interface
  tasmin - Minimum Surface Air Temperature (deg C) deg K in archive files,
         converted to deg C in 'Subset Request' interface
  tasmax - Maximum Surface Air Temperature (deg C) deg K in archive files,
         converted to deg C in 'Subset Request' interface
 
 # Hydrology archive - monthly data
  prcp            - Total monthly precipitation (mm)
  tmax            - mean monthly maximum daily temperature (deg C)
  tmin            - mean monthly minimum daily temperature (deg C)
  wind            - mean monthly wind speed (m/s)
  smc             - soil moisture content, state 1st day of month (mm)
  swe             - snow water equivalent in snow pack, state 1st day of month (mm)
  streamflow      - surface runoff + baseflow (mm)
  et              - actual ET (mm)
  petnatveg       - natural vegetation PET (mm)
  petwater        - open water surface PET (mm)
  pettall         - tall reference crop PET (mm)
  petshort        - short reference crop PET (mm)
 
 # LOCA Hydrology archive - daily data
  precip          - Precipitation (mm/day)
  rainfall        - Rainfall Rate (mm/day)
  Tair            - Average Air Temperature (deg C)
  windspeed       - Wind Speed (m/s)
  soilMoist1      - Soil Moisture (layer 1) (mm)
  soilMoist2      - Soil Moisture (layer 2) (mm)
  soilMoist3      - Soil Moisture (layer 3) (mm)
  SWE             - Snow Water Equivalent (mm)
  del_SWE         - Change in SWE (mm/day)
  baseflow        - Baseflow (mm/day)
  runoff          - Runoff (mm/day)
  ET              - Evapotranspiration - Actual (mm/day)
  pet_natveg      - Evapotranspiration - Potential, natural veg (mm/day)
  Qair            - Absolute Humidity (kg/kg)
  relHumid        - Relative Humidity (percent)
  wdew            - Dew Accumulation (mm/day)
  albedo          - Albedo (fraction)
  latent          - Latent Heat Flux (W/m**2)
  longwave_net    - Longwave Net Heat Flux (W/m**2)
  sensible        - Sensible Heat Flux (W/m**2)
  shortwave_in    - Shortwave Down Heat Flux (W/m**2)
  net_shortwave   - Shortwave Net Heat Flux (W/m**2)
  snow_melt       - Snow Melt Rate (mm/day)
  snowfall        - Snowfall Rate (mm/day)
  sublimation_net - Sublimation (mm/day)

 # Row/Column information
  ASCII table rows and columns depend on data request:
  -- time (rows)      x run (columns)
  -- time (rows)      x latitude (columns)
  -- time (rows)      x longitude (columns)
  -- run (rows)       x latitude (columns)
  -- run (rows)       x longitude (columns)
  -- latitude (rows)  x longitude (columns)
  ROWS_Tavg.txt - time, latitude, or longitude
  COLS_Tavg.txt - run, latitude, or longitude
  ROWS_Prcp.txt - time, latitude, or longitude
  COLS_Prcp.txt - run, latitude, or longitude


Statistics files
----------------
<variable>_<statistic_type>_<statistic>.csv

 Variable:
  same as Variable list above
 
 Statistic Type:
  SpatialStat - spatial statistics
  PeriodStat  - time period statistics
 
 Statistic:
  stdev - population standard deviation (i.e., degrees of freedom = 0)
  mean  - grid-cell-area-weighted mean


File Metadata
-------------
Info_<statistic_type>.txt

 statistic type:
  SpatialStat - spatial statistics
  PeriodStat  - time period statistics


Row/Column information
----------------------
 ROWS_PeriodStat.txt  - projection or latitude
 COLS_PeriodStat.txt  - projection or longitude
 ROWS_SpatialStat.txt - time, days from 1950-1-1
 COLS_SpatialStat.txt - projection, <scenario.model.run>
